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This 1945 photo provided by the Utah National Guard shows Army Air Forces 2nd Lt. 89 0 0 0 1 4. Log in or sign up to post and comment! Reporting on what you care about. We hold major institutions accountable and expose wrongdoing. We test and find the best products.
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After 1866, Alaska was sold to the United States, but Batum, Kars, Pamir and Transcaspia were acquired. The third largest empire in world history, at its greatest extent stretching over three continents, Europe, Asia, and North America, the Russian Empire was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires. The House of Romanov ruled the Russian Empire from 1721 until 1762, and its matrilineal branch of patrilineal German descent the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov ruled from 1762. The economy slowly industrialized with the help of foreign investments in railways and factories. Peter the Great’s policy of modernization along Western European lines. The Russian Empire functioned as an absolute monarchy on principles of Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality until the Revolution of 1905 and then became a de jure constitutional monarchy. Peter the Great officially renamed the Tsardom of Russia as the Russian Empire in 1721 and became its first emperor.
He instituted sweeping reforms and oversaw the transformation of Russia into a major European power. Russia to the European state system. While the vast land had a population of 14 million, grain yields trailed behind those of agriculture in the West, compelling nearly the entire population to farm. Only a small percentage lived in towns. Peter’s first military efforts were directed against the Ottoman Turks. His attention then turned to the North. Peter still lacked a secure northern seaport, except at Archangel on the White Sea, where the harbor was frozen for nine months a year.
Access to the Baltic was blocked by Sweden, whose territory enclosed it on three sides. Peter reorganized his government based on the latest political models of the time, moulding Russia into an absolutist state. Senate, in effect a supreme council of state. The countryside was divided into new provinces and districts. Peter died in 1725, leaving an unsettled succession. The discontent over the dominant positions of Baltic Germans in Russian politics brought Peter I’s daughter Elizabeth on the Russian throne.
Empress Catherine the Great, who reigned from 1762 to 1796, continued the empire’s expansion and modernization. Considering herself an enlightened absolutist, she played a key role in the Russian Enlightenment. Catherine the Great was a German princess who married Peter III, the German heir to the Russian crown. After the death of Empress Elizabeth, she came to power when her coup d’état against her unpopular husband succeeded.
She contributed to the resurgence of the Russian nobility that began after the death of Peter the Great. In order to ensure continued support from the nobility, which was essential to the survival of her government, Catherine was obliged to strengthen their authority and power at the expense of the serfs and other lower classes. It is the largest copper coin ever issued. Russia was in a continuous state of financial crisis. While revenue rose from 9 million rubles in 1724 to 40 million in 1794, expenses grew more rapidly, reaching 49 million in 1794. The budget allocated 46 percent to the military, 20 percent to government economic activities, 12 percent to administration, and nine percent for the Imperial Court in St.